Cyperus rotundus (commonly known as Nutgrass or Purple Nutsedge, and called Musta in Ayurveda or Xiang Fu in Traditional Chinese Medicine) is a plant widely known as a persistent weed, yet its underground rhizomes and tubers have been a staple in ancient medicine systems for thousands of years.1 Its medicinal properties stem from a rich chemical composition, including essential oils, terpenoids (like 2-cyperone), and flavonoids.3
Key Health Benefits and Traditional Applications
Cyperus rotundus is valued primarily for its effects on the digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems, as well as its robust anti-inflammatory properties.4
Benefit Area Mechanism and Scientific Findings (Pre-clinical) Traditional Uses
Gastrointestinal Health Classified as carminative and astringent. Extracts show significant anti-diarrheal and anti-ulcer effects, protecting the stomach lining. Used for stomach aches, indigestion, bloating, gas, colic, diarrhea, and dysentery. Considered a digestive tonic.
Pain & Inflammation Contains compounds with potent anti-inflammatory activity (similar to Indomethacin in some tests) and strong analgesic (pain-relieving) and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties. Treats fevers, headaches, arthritis, rheumatic pain, and general inflammation.
Women’s Health Used as an emmenagogue (stimulates menstrual flow) and antispasmodic. Primary use in TCM and Ayurveda for menstrual irregularities, dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and issues related to Liver Qi stagnation.
Neurological Support Extracts demonstrate sedative, anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), and even anticonvulsant properties. Studies show potential for alleviating chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Used traditionally for nervous disorders, stress, anxiety, and to promote relaxation and better sleep.
Antimicrobial & Antioxidant Essential oils and extracts exhibit notable activity against various bacteria (especially Gram-positive) and fungi. Rich in antioxidants (polyphenols and flavonoids). Used topically for wounds, skin infections, abscesses, and boils. Internally to combat infections and oxidative stress.
Metabolic Health Some studies indicate potential anti-diabetic and antihyperglycemic effects by improving insulin sensitivity and balancing blood sugar. Used in Ayurveda to help manage diabetes and blood disorders.
Key Bioactive Compounds
The major pharmacological activities are linked to:
Sesquiterpenoids: Such as -cyperone, rotundone, and cyperene, which contribute to the herb’s anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and nerve-calming effects.
Flavonoids: Including quercetin and luteolin, which provide antioxidant protection.5
Disclaimer: While Cyperus rotundus is highly valued in traditional medicine, more extensive clinical trials in humans are needed to fully confirm its safety and efficacy for modern medical use. If you are considering using Nutgrass for a specific health condition, always consult with a qualified herbalist or healthcare provider.
